Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. Tail tucked in shame, the destitute Flagler family moved back to Ohio in January of 1866. You see, demand for salt had risen with the beginning of the war it was necessary for the preservation of food for the troops. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830 - 1913) Henry Morrison Flagler Born 2 Jan 1830 in Hopewell, Ontario, New York, USA Ancestors Son of Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth (Caldwell) Flagler Brother of Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness [half] and Daniel Morrison Harkness [half] Husband of Mary (Harkness) Flagler married 9 Nov 1853 (to 18 May 1881) in Huron, Ohio [citation needed], In 1862, Flagler and his brother-in-law Barney Hamlin York (18331884) founded the Flagler and York Salt Company, a salt mining and production business in Saginaw, Michigan. A deal brokered by Henry Clay Frick exchanged Standard's iron interests for U.S. Steel stock and gave Rockefeller and his son membership on the company's board of directors. The visionary widow from Ohio bought hundreds of acres at what is now Downtown Miami, moved down on a barge, and eventually convinced railroad man Henry Flagler to extend his new railway to the Miami River by sending him an unusual package. Resources In 1913, Henry Flagler passed away after breaking his hip falling down a staircase at Whitehall. In the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller created one of their most important innovations. I wish I had the brains to think of it. However, the boom did not last. Dan married Lamon's eldest daughter, Isabella, in 1849 (yes, they were first cousins). Henry and Mary had two Carrie died at age three. In 1885 he decided to build a luxury hotel there which would attract the country's elite. [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. So, the Flagler family (Henry, Mary, little Harry, Jennie, and her first husband, John Arthur Hinckley) spent the winter of 1877-1878 in St. Augustine. Mary Harkness Flagler was the sweet, unpretentious first wife of Henry. Sets with similar terms swee1122 They had 3 children: Maud Aiken and 2 other children. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. 1-17. Henry is originated from United States. Melbert Cary died in 1941, and after his death Mary continued to divide her. Flagler. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. Their efforts to monopolize the oil industry are referred to as the 'Cleveland Massacre,' and though John D. Rockefeller is generally more well-known than Henry Flagler, quotes from Rockefeller credit Flagler with the monopolization idea. It seems that if too many limits had been placed on Henry Flagler's projects, St. Augustine would not be the city we know today. What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? It seemed a new leaf was turning for the little family of the Robber Baron. His project to connect the east coast of the United States from top to bottom was completed when the first Florida East Coast Railway car pulled into Key West in 1912. Asylum Hospital for crazy people. Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). Flagler divorced Shourds in 1901 and just 10 days later married Mary Lily Kenan. 91 is preserved inside a Beaux Arts pavilion built to look like a 19th-century railway palace. The Washington Post. For the first time, Flagler was able to experience the warm, sunny atmosphere of Florida. His half-brother Daniel had left Hopewell to live and work with his paternal uncle Lamon G. Harkness, who had a store in Republic, Ohio. Keys, L. (2015) Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Flagler's Gilded Age Palace. According to historian David Leon Chandler, Henry Flagler is believed to either have bought a deferment in 1862 or provided the government supplies instead of service. Bostonian Franklin W. Smith had recently built his winter home, the Villa Zorayda, which caught Flagler's eye almost immediately. This conflict created a breach between father and son that lasted until Henry Flagler was on his deathbed. In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. His parents were very poor and struggled to feed their family. By 1852, Henry had saved enough money to become the one-third-owner of the Harkness & Company alongside his half-brother Dan and Dan's uncle Lamon. However, many other officials were wary of Henry Flagler. Birth Name: Henry Flagler Occupation: Entrepreneur Place Of Birth: NY Date Of Birth: January 2, 1830 Date Of Death: May 20, 1913 Cause Of Death: N/A Ethnicity: Unknown Nationality: American Henry Flagler was born on the 2nd of January, 1830. Indeed, Mary Harkness Flagler's ailments first brought Henry Flagler to Far Florida. [11] Part of this scheme was the announcement of sharply increased freight charges. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. But in the aftermath of that battle, in 1879 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania indicted Flagler and Rockefeller on charges of monopolizing the oil trade, starting an avalanche of similar court proceedings in other states and making a national issue of Standard Oil's business practices. His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. Within six years, Henry was earning enough money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue. Gainesville, FL. After many years of work, it opened on January 10, 1888, and was an instant success. From there on out, Dr. Anderson was a major supporter and confidant of Henry Flagler, often acting as his business liaison in St. Augustine when Flagler was out of town. Thus began an era of Flagler's life that he never spoke about to the press one of scrimping and scraping. He would describe his childhood often as having been 'hungry and cold'. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press & Crown Publishers, 2002. Showing 1-6 of 6. Standiford, Les. Control of the Flagler fortune largely passed into the hands of Mary Lily Kenan's family of sisters and brother, who survived into the 1960s. Ida. She documented the company's espionage, price wars, heavy-handed marketing tactics, and courtroom evasions. He also used labor agencies to bring around 4,000 new immigrants to Florida who contracted to work until their transportation costs had been paid off. Ida Alice Shourds became Ida Alice Shourds Flagler in June of 1883 and moved into the Flagler family home the day after their wedding. It was that shrewd attitude that caught the eye of one John D. Rockefeller. Flagler and Dan Harkness remained friends and business associates and, in 1852, they opened a distillery. Having bought land for the hotel, Flagler's goal was to build a pleasure palace and turn St. Augustine, Florida, into a 'Winter Newport'. Having had no prior experience in the salt industry, the Flagler & York company flopped and Henry lost around $100,000 ($100K in 1865 is nearly $2 million in 2022). It was Flagler's idea to use the rebate system to strengthen the firm's position against competitors and the transporting enterprises alike. Soon after, though, Mary and Harry followed. First A Little On Henry Flagler. If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. A large portion of his estate was designated for a "niece" who was said actually to be a child born out of wedlock. However, a great cloud of bad luck was soon to fall over the Flagler family. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. Only his son Harry Harkness Flagler survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. Layton, 33001, United States of America - Excellent location - show map. During this trip, they went to St. Augustine and the city intrigued Flagler. St. Augustine, FL: The St. Augustine Historical Society. Two years after her death, he married her nurse, Ida Alice Shourds. Indeed, there was a legal loophole provided to affluent Americans they were allowed to pay $300 to the government and hire a substitute to serve in their place. VisitStAugustine.com, 2022. [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. However, much to Flagler's chagrin, he had no legal grounds to be granted a divorce from Alice in New York or Florida. Commander John Flagler, USN. In the springtime of 1870, Mary Harkness Flagler even became pregnant with the couple's third child (the aforementioned Henry "Harry" Flagler). For about fourteen or fifteen years, I have devoted my time exclusively to business, and now I am pleasing myself.'". Mary and Henry's first child was Jennie Louise (born March 1855), then Carrie (born June 1858 and named after Henry Flagler's older half-sister, Caroline), then finally, Harry Flagler (born December 1870). This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. Both of Henry's parents had been married previously. You see, during the Gilded Age [and for far too long after it], women could be sent to a mental institution for just about anything. In January of 1870 at the age of 40, Flagler officially co-founded Standard Oil alongside John D. Rockefeller. Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. St. Augustine, FL: Flagler College, 2013. Only his son Harry survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. [23] The firm was attacked by journalists and politicians throughout its existence, in part for these monopolistic methods, giving momentum to the antitrust movement. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). Education Who was Henry Flagler? Along with cheques and stocks, Flagler also gifted his wife with a new estate in Palm Beach, Florida. However, Henry Flagler did not join his half-brother. [14] Standard was growing horizontally and vertically. When Mary contracted tuberculosis, at her doctor's recommendation they traveled . He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Craze became frenzy when Mary Lily Kenan and Henry Flagler married on August 24th, 1901. However, this kindly nickname does not do justice to the full story of Flagler, who was nearly fifty years old when he first set foot in Florida in 1878. Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." "For the longest time, I could not imagine why Jean would save Whitehall," said Mr. Ponce. Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. To further convince Flagler to continue the railroad to Miami, he was offered land in exchange for laying rail tracks from private landowners, the Florida East Coast Canal and Transportation Company, and the Boston and Florida Atlantic Coast Land Company. As he went, Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to build hotels in certain cities along the way. Their estate was called Kirkside and was built west of the Ponce de Leon property. St. Augustine city officials and businessmen were mostly grateful that Henry Flagler had chosen their little hamlet to 'please himself' by developing it and filling it with tourists. Henry Flagler: The Astonishing Life and Times of the Visionary Robber Baron Who Founded Florida. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. Asylum records from this era show women being admitted and held for ailments such as "suppressed menses", "mental {or} religious excitement", and the infamous catch-all "hysteria". He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Despite her frail health, though, she was the only one of Henry Flagler's three wives to bear him any children. Something is bound to get confused. ) married on August 24th, 1901 leaf was for... 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